Andrew Mercer
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Everything from raw block devices up to the files on them. Many commands here are destructive: they are marked, and the device names (/dev/sdX) are placeholders. Always confirm the target with lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,MODEL,MOUNTPOINT first.

Block devices

Volumes and RAID

Filesystems

File management

in this section
* badblocks — scan a disk for bad blocks/
* blockdev — call block device ioctls/
* bulk renaming files: shell loops, rename, and test-first habits/
* ceph/
* chattr and lsattr — filesystem attributes/
* dd — copy and convert data at the block level/
* du — disk usage by file and directory/
* eject — open and close optical drives/
* ext4/
* fdisk/
* fdupes — find duplicate files/
* filefrag — report file fragmentation/
* find — search for files by name, type, age, size, and permission/
* fsck — check and repair filesystems/
* hdparm — ata drive parameters and quick read test/
* kpartx — map partitions of images and multipath devices/
* linux filesystem hierarchy standard (fhs)/
* lvm (logical volume manager): the complete guide/
* mount — attach filesystems/
* mv — move and rename files/
* network file system (nfs)/
* parted — partition management/
* partprobe — tell the kernel about partition changes/
* redundant array of inexpensive disks (raid)/
* rsync — fast, incremental file synchronisation/
* smartmontools — disk health with smart/
* sync — flush filesystem buffers to disk/
* trash-cli — move files to the trash from the shell/
* wipefs — erase filesystem and partition-table signatures/
* xfs/